Livestock production is an important food supply and economic activity. The recycling of materials, and thus minimizing the generation of wastes is a basic process which must be implemented to meet the demands of sustainability in developed and developing

Based on: Ramjohn, Karl 1999. The Role of Innate Properties of Soils in Sustainable Agriculture Land Management Strategies: Dominance of Soil Organic Matter. Tropical Environment Research & Management Center, Trinidad & Tobago. April 1999.

Based on: Ramjohn, Karl. Agro-ecosystems: Ecological Character and Management of Rice, Sugar Cane and Citrus Production. Tropical Environment Research & Management Center, Trinidad & Tobago. November 1998.

Karl Ramjohn, Floyd B. Lucas, Carol L. Ramjohn & Winston Johnson 2006. Spatial – Ecological Assessment of Land-use / Land-cover: Agriculturally-disturbed “Tropical Moist Forest (Cool Dry Transition)” in the Caparo River Valley, Trinidad & Tobago.

Our life on Earth depends on a dynamic complex of linkages, synergies and interactions among the processes, components and sub-systems of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. The ecological view of sustainability focuses on the stabilit